broken abbey One writer's thoughts…

5Jul/100

Why Character Matters

I just finished reading Edward Lee's The Golem. This is my first encounter with any of Edward Lee's work. I believe every author should have two chances, so Ed Lee has one left. To me, the book read like a first draft, but I'll get to that.

We don't see the golem used much in popular fiction. I can only recall one instance where I've seen it used--an old episode of the X-Files called Kaddish. Lee brings the reader a modern version of an old Jewish folk tale based on Judah Loew, a 16th century rabbi who created a golem to defend a Prague ghetto from anti-Semitic attacks. Lee brings the folktale to life with vibrant rituals and an exploration of a dark sect of Kabbalah based on Kischuph. The story revolves around the small town of Lowensport, Maryland. In 1880, a group of Jewish refugees from Prague,  led by the evil rabbi Gavriel Loew, construct two golems to defend themselves from the attack of the Conner clan, a local group of settlers lead by an ex-military deserter. The story is told in parallel with the present-day tale of Seth Kohn and his girlfriend Judy, who move into the old Lowen mansion and find themselves in the middle of a plan by Gavriel's great-great-great grandson to resurrect Gavriel as a golem and--you guessed it--take over the world, or at least small part of it.

I think the book presents an interesting bit of folklore, but aside from that, I didn't find much appealing here. I don't know if this work is representative of Mr. Lee's style (I'll have to read another to decide), but I had difficulty in getting into the book because of the language. The book is riddled with adverbs, which isn't necessarily a problem in and of itself but Lee uses them to such an extent that I found myself struggling to visualize much of anything in the book. For instance, twice in the work Lee uses the word 'paranoically' to describe two different characters.

"Of course!" But then [Judy] looked paranoically behind her. (pg. 24)

And

Czanek looked paranoically over his shoulder again. (pg. 52)

In both instances, Lee provides the action (the showing)--both characters look over their shoulder. The reader sees what the characters are doing and the context provides the tension. What does the word 'paranoically' bring to the reader? The reader is bumped from the story with such an awkward word. These are two instances, but they are representative of the work's style. I found myself jostled from the story with almost every turn of the page. This is what made the book feel like a first draft. I think the language could have been cleaned up and more appropriate description put in to help draw the reader deep into the story.

In addition to the language, I struggled with some key things Lee chose to focus on in the story. The reader gets two pages describing the video game Seth wrote and sold to make his millions, but the game itself has very little to do with the storyline. The reader also gets a lot of time spent on Switchgrass, the local cash crop, but again, other than providing a setting for characters to hide in, the Switchgrass and its use as a biofuel has little to do with the story. Whats more, the way the reader finds out many of these details was bothersome. Judy, being an ex-college professor, seems to know a bit about everything. Whenever the reader needs an explanation, or even when the reader doesn't, Judy pipes up to give details. Yet, when she's walking through the Switchgrass, the reader gets a strange gap in her knowledge:

Watch for snakes, she recalled the remarks of the man from the state. This new path was barely shoulder width. Did ticks live in switchgrass? No, she didn't think so. (pg. 194)

We get pages of infodump from this character, but when it comes to something as trivial as ticks, she seems at a loss.

So, style aside, is there a good story here? It's interesting in terms of the ritual and folklore of the golem, but I found myself struggling to care about what happened to any of these characters.

First, the 1880 story centers around a group of black-magic Jewish refugees (evil guys) locked in a struggle the Conner clan, with a group of local settlers led by an ex-military deserter and his cohorts (evil). I found neither side appealing, so I had no one to root for. Both sides wind up wiping each other out, leaving a single golem. I found nothing redeeming in the people on either side of this conflict. I initially had some sympathy for the Jewish refugees until it became clear that they were ousted by their own people in Prague because of their adherence to Kischuph. So while there's some satisfaction in having a bunch of bad guys kill each other, there's no one left at the end that I cared about.

The present-day story centers on Seth Kohn and his girlfriend Judy. Seth is a game designer lost his wife two years earlier and struggled through a bout of alcoholism. His girlfriend is an ex-college professor who struggled with crack addiction. They met in rehab. But when the story opens, both have recovered, Seth has made millions on his video game, and they buy Seth's dream home near Lowensport, Maryland. These people have everything, so I also had trouble sympathizing with either of them. During the course of the story, Judy falls off the wagon and gets raped several times by local drug dealers as part of the plot to recover Gavriel Lowen's head from the mansion, but by the time this all happens I, as a reader, have already disconnected from her as a character.

Compare these two with the main characters in Nate Kenyon's novel Bloodstone. Billy Smith is an ex-convict, guilty of drunk driving and manslaughter. Billy is paired with Gloria Johnson, a heroin addict and hooker. These are sympathetic characters at low points in their lives, victims of circumstance to a degree. The reader cares about Billy, who has done his time but still lives burdened by the guilt of his crime. The reader cares about Gloria, a victim of drug addiction who, at the start of the story, is near the end of her rope. We cheer them on, we want them to get better.

Overall, I think The Golem provides little in the way of a good writing or good story telling. But I have to admit, if this book is ever made into a move, I will watch it. I think there are some visually stunning scenes: the Kischuph ritual of golemancy, the dynamiting of the mill, and of course the murderous mayhem inflicted by the golems. I have a deep love for horror movies, and I'm much more forgiving of story in exchange for the visual appeal.

I look forward to giving Lee's work another chance. If you have suggestions of what is representative of Lee's writing, post a comment. I'd love to hear from you!

9Jun/100

Manuscript Templates

Part of being a professional writer is ensuring your submissions meet format guidelines. William Shunn developed a set of format guidelines, originally published in December 1998 edition of Writers Write: The Internet Writing Journal. He also provides a set of templates on his site, but unfortunately they are only for WordPerfect. I use OpenOffice.

I decided to create my own templates based on his guidelines and offer them here for all to use. I emailed Mr. Shunn several times over the past year to ask permission to post these, and never received a response. I decided to go ahead and offer them anyhow, and if Mr. Shunn objects, I will remove them.

Shunn has three format guidelines: Short Story, Novel, and Poem. While I write poetry for my own amusement, I don't try to market it, so my templates only include Short Story and Novel. If there's enough interest in a Poem template, I'll add it.

Instructions

  1. Download the zip: Shunn OpenOffice Templates
  2. Extract to any directory. You should see two files: "Shunn Novel Format.ott" and "Shunn Short Story Format.ott"
  3. In OpenOffice Writer, select File >> Templates >> Organize from the menu.
  4. In the left-hand pane, double-click "My Templates" from the list.
  5. On the right-hand side, select Commands >> Import Templates....
  6. Browse to the extracted files and select one. It should now appear in the left-hand pane under "My Templates".
  7. Repeat steps 5 and 6, selecting the other file.

That's it! You should now be able create a new document by selecting File >> New >> Templates and Documents. You should now have two new templates listed!

I am also working on a set of templates for Microsoft Word since I sometimes use it as well.

Leave comments if you have questions or suggestions for improvement!

27Apr/101

One Helluva Ghost Story

I just finished reading Tom Piccirilli's A Choir of Ill Children--for the second time.  I read it back in February and decided that to do it any justice, I needed to set it aside and reread it.  It's not an overly complex book, but I'm not used to the Southern style.  The last book I read that felt stylistically similar was Faulkner's As I Lay Dying--over fifteen years ago.

The first thing that I noticed is the uniqueness of every character.  I was familiar with the book prior to reading it, and had an admittedly biased expectation that at least some of the characters would be backwater rednecks.  Piccirilli, however, invests each character with a distinct personality that I don't believe fit any stereotypes.  Further, I expected at least some of the dialog to have poor diction.  Again, I was totally wrong.  Most of the dialog uses good diction--Piccirilli makes very prudent use of "ain't"s throughout, for which I'm grateful.

But--why did I have those expectations?  As a reader, I'm not sure I would have ever noticed the very subtle use of regional dialect  As a writer, however, I notice it because I often fail at capturing dialect or using it properly.  Reading Piccirilli's book has made me aware that my failure comes in large part from personal bias.  I'm born and bred mid-west; I've lived in Ohio my whole live, though I've been fortunate enough to travel to many states and abroad.  But still, part of me connects southern dialect with uneducated, not through any conscious decision, but simply from my experiences (or lack thereof).

But the characters presented in A Choir of Ill Children are anything but uneducated.  They lack formal education, but are full of the knowledge and experience life offers in such a setting.  We're told as much in one section where Thomas, the main character, reflects the fallacy of his father who built schools for the county:

The schools sat empty until the storm and wind damage wore them away inch by inch.  You couldn't blame the people of Potts County just because the board of education hadn't offered any kind of a useful curriculum.  Chemistry in a tube wasn't pertinent.  The wheel of the universe didn't turn when the cream went bad.  Logarithms, geometry, and algebra did not apply to the height of the river during flood season.  (p. 24)

So throughout the story we find characters who speak with very little regional dialect, which I believe helps the reader see them as honest people and not just a collection of rednecks.

So if these aren't rednecks, who are they?  Piccirilli presents a truly unique and memorable collection:  a biker obsessed with fencing, a pair of drug-addled film students, a monastery dedicated to The Flying Walendas, backwater granny witches who fight to stave off storms, a child molester and the ghost of one of his victims, and a mute girl who appears from nowhere.  There is also Thomas, heir to a huge house, a sizable family fortune, and The Mill--the town's only sustainable business.  The story is told from Thomas's point of view, in present tense, with calm clarity and deep inquiry into the events that surround him.

Thomas also has three brothers, which I hesitate to count as more than a single character,  conjoined at the frontal lobe, sharing a pineal gland, and at times speaking as one although each has a distinct voice as well.  Ah, this must be the backwater, uneducated redneck of the book.  Well, no:

Sebastian is full of malice, Jonah with regret, and Cole speaks of love and nothing but love, no matter how hideous his words. (p. 1)

Interesting.  Or how about:

My brothers speak as one, each mouth working like a pipe organ, playing a different portion of their communal speech.  It's the way that the brain works.  The "ch" goes to Sebastian, along with the glottal noises, "uh" and "ooh," "ing," names of foreign countries and pronouns, anything that brings the teeth together.

Jonah gets the hisses, the "ph" and drawn-out orgasmic "eeeeeee," titles of symphonies and sit-coms, all the poetry.

Cole is left with the growls and hard consonants, the adverbs, numbers following ten, dirty words, colors, sweet nothing, and every predicate. (p. 5)

Now that's one (or is it three) intriguing character.  So what's this guy sound like when he speaks?  Just a sample:

Jonah's up there already beginning to squawk and croon, the poetry pouring into the air.  "For where she lies, my swept drifted spirit follows, the course unmatched and not known, nor cared for, whether it dies or is kept..." (p. 22)

And again, later, Thomas describes Jonah's poetry as he tries to woo Sarah (one of the drug-addled film students):

His sonnets have poorly stressed syllables but the meaning is worthy.  He has talents that would have meant something a century ago. (p. 90)

So very clearly this, the most deformed character in the book, is not a redneck but a complex character who is more than capable of the full range of human emotion.  This is, in my opinion, one of the most interesting and challenging characters I have ever encountered in horror.  I think Piccirilli plays against the reader's bias, particularly in this case, to develop interesting characters that the reader can relate to.

Later in the story, Velma Coots (a granny witch) tries to convince Thomas to give some of his sperm for a brew to stave of a storm of souls.  Their brief dialog is follows, with Thomas speaking first:

"What the hell do you want from me?" I ask.

"Jest a little blood and vinegar, there, in the pot."

"Vinegar?"

"Some of yer seed."

"My seed?"

"Sperm."

"You've got to be shittin' me." (. 51)

I call this out to because Velma Coots's diction, a backwater witch, has minimal dialect--just two words of improper English: jest, and yer.  Even this woman's dialog is kept relatively clean, letting the reader focus more on what's being said than how it's being said.

Another example of fine dialog is found when Thomas speaks with Abbot Earl of The Holy Order of the Flying Walendas, a man who used to drive a bulldozer for Thomas's father.  Abbot Earl wants to discuss Lucretia Murteen with Thomas, a prominent nun of the order who the Abbot was once intimate with.  Thomas tells the Abbot he has nothing to be ashamed of, and Abbot Earl replies:

"And I'm not, to be sure.  But it's also true that she's been acting...reticent lately.  Perhaps a bit taciturn.  She refuses to tell me what's bothering her.  I'm afraid that these troubles are actually making her consider leaving us." (p. 86)

Once again, through using words like "reticent" and "taciturn", Piccirilli shows the reader that this man is not just some dumb redneck who runs a strange cult of acrobat worshipers.  The word choice gives the reader a sense of depth to the character.

The last character I want to touch on is Darr, a biker who has a couple run-ins with Thomas.  On their second encounter, Darr and Thomas come face-to-face, and Darr asks Thomas a question:

"You know what I simply cannot stand?" he asks me.

"I'll play along since this has the structure of a rhetorical question.  What is it that you cannot stand?"

"Fencing."

I clear my throat.  "Fencing?"

"Watching fencers who have no notion of the hardcore reality behind the art form.  They think it's a sport, the damn fools.  Or worse, some kind of performance they're putting on for their mamas, like ballet or synchronized swimming.  It was never meant to be a sport.  You've got to have convictions to live with the blade.  Belief.  True belief, that's it, that's what I'm talking about.  But those players, they might as well be shooting hoops or sliding into third base.  They never embrace the...the tenets, the ideology behind that discipline."

"I can't say that I have an opinion one way or the other."

"Trust what I'm tellin' you.  No matter how much training they go in for they always got that swashbuckling bullshit fantasy going on in their heads.  No way around that for most of 'em.  They feel gallant sashaying around with their Musketeer sword, lunging after each other on the mats, shouting in French like it means somthin' special when they can't even pronounce the words.  With those silly helmets on over their faces, you shouldn't be caught dead in one'a them, and the machines buzzing when they tap each other on the chests." (p. 119-120)

Now clearly this biker has not only been exposed to fencing--something most would consider an upper class sport--but he's put the time into contemplating the sport and how it relates to him.  This, and the subsequent dialog, give Thomas (and the reader) a unique insight into this biker character:

Not only does Darr expect the world to handle itself but he's also got high hopes for the logic of his assertions to eventually come to validity all on their own.  Maybe he's talking in metaphor.  I wonder if this is some vague attempt at intimidation. (p. 121)

Is that a threat?  How does one respond to a man like this?  I think Thomas's reaction reinforces Darr's character by matching closely what most people would think.

I have one more section of dialog to call out.  Whether Piccirilli meant this to reinforce the idea that the people of Potts County are anything but uneducated, or whether he simply meant it to be funny I can't say.  But to me, it works well in both ways.  This is an exchange between some minor characters in Leadbetter's, the local bar.  One character, Verbal Raynes, was recently left by Gloria, a woman who has decided to return to her husband Harry.  Gloria and Harry left for a second honeymoon, and left their kids with poor Verbal:

"No wonder she and Harry are lookin' so sprightly these last couple weeks.  I thought it was just 'cause they were heading to the Caymans, but--"

"The hell's the Caymans?  That near Gainesville?"

"Western Caribbean, a peaceful British Crown Colony known as the Cayman Islands."

"What?"

"Consists of three islands just 480 miles south of Miami.  The Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman."

"Goddamn!"

"Me and Deeder went down there once, few years back, after the insurance settlement came through for when we caught the game warden illegally tapping our phones."

I found the interjection on the Caymans funny and revealing.  These people don't all just sit around the bar drinking (well, maybe most of the time) but have been exposed to the world at least enough to know that there's a bigger world out there.

The last thing I would like to touch on is the story itself.  I said I had to read it twice, and I believe this will be a book I pick up every year or so to reread because I have trouble understanding exactly what the story is about.  And I realized why on the second reading.  Piccirilli poses so many story questions, using a setting and characters that feel like a fevered dream, that I struggled to keep track of what all the events meant.  But on this second reading, I realized that not all the events are necessarily important to the story.  Piccirilli admits as much in the last chapter, where Thomas reflects on the events and goes through all the unanswered story questions and dismisses them in one way or another.  Normally, I would say that it's bad form to leave major story events unanswered, but in this case I can accept it.  I think many of the unanswered events serve to build the characters and setting and need no explanation.  But the risk is overwhelming the reader with questions and not satisfying them at the end.

This is one helluva ghost story.

7Apr/100

Another Round of How-To, Part 3

This is the last of a three-part journal on How to Write Tales of Horror, Fantasy & Science Fiction, Edited by J. N. Williamson, a collection of How-To articles by some of the best horror writers, circa 1987.  Part one covered chapters 1-8; part two covered chapters 9-18.

The advice found in these final chapters still mirrors advice found in the wonderful On Writing Horror, another collection of How-To articles by some of horror's best writers circa 2007.   But here's one thing I've learned from reading both books (and a slew of other How-To books) that's not actually in either.  I'm sick of reading How-To books on writing.  In my genre session during last writer's residency, Dr. Arnzen commented that if all you read are how-to books, then all you'll be able to write are how-to books.  I've grown to appreciate his statement.  With that, let me get through this and hopefully I'll be done with anything How-To for a while.

23Mar/100

Another Round of How-To, Part 2

This is part two of a three-part journal on How to Write Tales of Horror, Fantasy & Science Fiction, Edited by J. N. Williamson, a collection of How-To articles by some of the best horror writers, circa 1987.  Part one covered chapters 1-8.

In my first post, I mentioned how strikingly similar the advice is to that found in On Writing Horror, another collection of How-To articles by some of horror's best writers circa 2007.  I've still found this to hold true.  I don't mean that as a slight against either work, as the essays in both are unique to the authors.  For me, this reinforces that the advice found within each work has a certain timeless quality to it even though markets have changed.

1Mar/100

Another Round of How-To

This is the first of three posts on How to Write Tales of Horror, Fantasy & Science Fiction, Edited by J. N. Williamson.  The book is a collection of How-To articles by some of the best horror writers, circa 1987.

Late last year I did a series of posts on On Writing Horror, another collection of How-To articles by some of horror's best writers circa 2007.  Twenty years separate the publication of these two books, but so far I haven't found anything other than the market survey that really differentiate the two.  I've commented before that information repeated across authors is usually good advice, and I think that's still true.  But, I'm a little disappointed that I haven't found anything new here.  Yet.

31Jan/100

Measuring Quality – Words or Pages

I'm a couple weeks into my second term in Seton Hill's MA WPF program.  My thesis is a marketable horror novel, targeted at 350 pages.  My personal goal is to complete the 1st draft by the end of this term, and spend the rest of my program editing and revision.  Or rewriting if my mentors so command.

None of that is particularly interesting, but they're facts that lay the groundwork for what's been on my mind lately. Every professional writer develops their own flavor of discipline, without which they would be unable to sustain professional standing.  It's actually pretty common among most successful people regardless of profession to develop a habit around their chosen work.  What I've been interested in is how writers measure their progress?

Last term I measured my progress in terms of word count.  It seems reasonable since the publishing industry is largely word count driven.  Every submission guideline includes a word-count limit.  The industry has accepted word-counts attached to novels in each genre.  For instance, horror novels range around 300-400 pages, but an epic fantasy comes closer to 700 pages.

What I found, when I measured word count, was that I spent too much time generating words to reach that count.  It became too easy to wander on the pages, adding words here and there to meet a necessary but arbitrary goal of 500 words per day.  I did pretty well--although Stephen King recommends shooting for at least 1000 per day.  But I had to ditch a lot of it due to the bad behavior that specific goal encouraged.

For this term, I've opted to measure my progress in terms of pages, a page being roughly equal to 250 words.  My goal is to write 4 pages per day, or 1000 words per day to align with King's recommendation.  If you're familiar with On Writing, you'll know that King actually counts a page as 200 words, but for my purpose 4 is as good a stepping stone as 5.  I'll ratchet my goal up another notch next term.

Does it really matter?  I put some thought into this over my break, and these past few weeks have shown my hunch correct.  Yes, I write better when my goal is page count over word count.  I focus better on the story and don't worry at all about producing dense copy.  Before, I would work in extra words.  But now, I can write whole pages of dialog, which tends to be pretty sparse in terms of words per page, and still make my goals.  I just don't care, because a page is a page.

In addition, it helps to remember that word count for a publisher is really a means of estimating number of printable pages.  They take the word count, divide by around 250 (I think this varies), and arrive at page count.  Novelists don't get paid by the word, and I wouldn't want paid that way anyhow.  My goal is to write well-told stories with efficient, emotionally charged language, not drudge on for miles, taxing both the reader and myself by counting every step along the way.

8Jan/100

Back to work…

Just got back from residency orientation @ Seton Hill.  It's nice to be back, even if it meant driving 4 hours through snow.  I had a great break, had a couple of good reads while I was off.  First was John Scalzi's Old Man's War, a very entertaining science fiction book.  It's not my typical flavor, but it kept me reading, full of good action and interesting characters.

My other read was The Mammoth Book of Best New Horror, Volume 20, edited by Stephen Jones.  It's filled with some excellent short horror from 2008, and definitely worth the time.  It's late, I'm tired, so I won't do any sort of review of them, but here's a list of the one's that appealed most to me:

  • It Runs Beneath the Surface, by Simon Strantzas
  • These Things We Have Always Known, by Lynda E. Rucker (my favorite of the lot)
  • Through the Cracks, by Gary McMahon
  • The Camping Wainwrights, by Ian R. MacLeod
  • The Oram County Whoosit, by Steve Duffy (excellent story in the vein of Lovecraft)
  • The New York Times at Special Bargain Rates, by Stephen King
  • 2:00 pm: The Real Estate Agent Arrives, by Steve Rasnic Tem

That last one verges on poetic.  It's shorter than this post, a mere 3 sentences, but paints a beautifully horrific picture and punches you in the end.  Loved it!

And now, I'm off to see if I can wrap up some stuff before getting into the groove tomorrow.

Tagged as: No Comments
1Dec/090

A Bit of a Break

I've been on break from school since beginning of November, so I took the opportunity to brush up on mechanics.  Specifically, I took a much-needed browse through the old Elements of Style.  Good little book.  But, I wanted more.  So, I found a more contemporary take on style, Sin and Syntax, by Constance Hale.  It's longer than Elements.  There's plenty of praise for the book out in the wild; I'll say I'm glad I took the time to read it as well.  How do I know?  Some of my writing from as recent as a year ago makes me cringe.  [sigh]  Shortly after I finished, I set about some serious revision work on a few older short stories.

I just started reading Old Man's War, by John Scalzi, the reading selection for my January writer's residency.  I've not decided if I'll do any journal posts or not on it, since it's not Horror.  First impressions [2 chapters]: Scalzi makes good use of the CDF contract as a framing device for providing background information to the reader; he does an equally good job of slipping in a space elevator explanation during casual conversation.  Those are just the first two things that came to mind; I am enjoying it as well.

Finally, I've started work on new short story based on the name of a character that I've carried around for a few years.  I didn't mean for it to be a zombie story -- already tried my hand at zombies once -- but... it's a zombie story.

BTW - Beware the Krampus!

YouTube Preview Image
Tagged as: No Comments
21Oct/090

Down to Business

In the end, writing is like any other endeavor.  Sure, there is a significant and compelling creative aspect to it, almost mystical at times.  It doesn't just happen, though.  The magic comes through sweat and rigor.  King lays this out in his final section of On Writing.

His opinion is that there are 4 classes of writer: Bad, Competent, Good, and Genius.  He states that there are 2 theses to his book:

The first is that good writing consists of mastering the fundamentals (vocabulary, grammar, the elements of style) and then filling the third level of the toolbox with the right instruments.  The second is that while it is impossible to make a competent writer out of a bad writer, and while it is equally impossible to make a great writer out of a good one, it is possible, with lots of hard work, dedication, and timely help, to make a good writer out of a merely competent one.

The fundamentals of writing are covered in the prior section.  So, what does it take to make a competent writer into a good one?

King cuts us down to the reality of writing.  It doesn't come from dreaming, theorizing, or speculating. It comes from sitting down in the chair and whittling away at the story one word at a time.

I won't pretend that I found a lot of new advice in here.  Much of what King recommends is pretty common; but, as I've said before, if so many writers repeat the same advice, there must be truth in it.

Most writers will find the following advice familiar. However, King continues throughout to provide excellent examples, so while the advice is common, the book is worth reading for the additional clarity he provides.

Read a lot. Both good writing and bad writing can teach us a lot.

Write a lot.  "A lot" is a subjective measure, and varies from writer to writer. Each writer must discover this on their own.

Develop a Work Ethic.  Have a schedule, have a place.  These two things help to build the habit by providing a comfort zone in which to work and a target to work towards. King shoots for 2,000 words per day. I shoot for 500, but expect to increase to 1,000 after the first of the year. Do I make my mark? Not always. But I am improving.

Regarding the place, King suggests one with a door the writer is willing to close. I agree. Shutting the door is a way for the writer to show commitment and dedication, both to themselves and the people around. It should be simple and free of distraction.

What to Write?  Whatever the writer wants, but he/she must be truthful. King says to interpret "write what you know" as broadly as possible. King also warns against writing for the wrong reasons: to impress people, to make money, etc.

According to King, novels consist of 3 parts: narration, description, and dialog.

  • King works from a situational root, letting plot develop organically as he works through the narration of a first draft.  In his mind, stories are things we uncover, and we have to take care in unearthing them, making sure they are extracted as complete and intact as possible.

  • Description should be done in moderation.  Trust the reader to fill in the gaps and provide their own meaningful context and details where appropriate.  "...good description usually consists of a few well-chosen details that will stand for everything else."  Keep the ball rolling, tell the story.  Good description is clarity, fresh images and simple vocabulary.

  • Dialog is essential to defining character.  We get to know them through how the talk.  Good dialog is partially how it sounds.  It must be honest. It must go beyond the page and ring true to the ear.

The writer builds character by paying attention to real people and telling the truth about what he / she sees.  King believes the best stories are character-driven, ties back to his belief in plot coming from the process, not an outline created ahead of time.

Description, dialogue, and character are foundational.  The rest is available, it's up to the writer to discover what improves the writing and doesn't inhibit the story. I can appreciate this. It's clear that King has his own preferences and biases when it comes to writing, but here gives other writers the same license. Once a writer masters the fundamentals, they are free to use the remaining tools at their own discretion, to leverage them as they see appropriate for the work.

King elaborates further on symbolism and theme as demonstration of what's available for use. In themselves, neither is essential to the writing process, but he shows how he has used them successfully in his own revision process. He demonstrates problems each one helped him resolve, and how they can provide a useful framework for revision.

King recommends that all beginning writers go through at least 2 drafts; one with the door closed, one with the door open.

The first draft and revision, the one with the door closed, is an outpouring onto the page.  Tell the story, get it all down in black and white.  Let the story sit, King recommends, for 6 weeks.  Let is sit long enough to forget about it, to get immersed in a new project.  Then revise, concentrating on the mechanics. The writer should ask if the story is coherent, figure out what they meant, and take notes on these. The writer will use them in the second draft. This is internal feedback.

The second draft is done with the door open. This is the point where the writer shares the story with a select few people to get external feedback. King doesn't use the term, but these are the beta readers. King stresses the importance of listening to these people, but to balance out the feedback each gives against the others. If every Beta Reader says the story has a certain problem, then pay attention and do something about it. However, if the response is mixed, any ties are up to the writer.

The beta readers are also the best way to gauge the story's pacing. King brings out a formula he received early on in his career: 2nd Draft = 1st Draft - 10%. He learned from this to collapse a story during revision, to cut out the 'boring' parts. He focuses on back story as one keep place to collapse a novel. Essentially, don't bore the reader.

Research is something far in the background, as far as King is concerned. It's something that can happen after the first draft and should never get in the way of telling the story. It's another place to trust the Beta Readers, too. Do it to keep small details from distracting the reader, but it can come towards the end of the revision process.

King goes on to express his doubts about the usefulness of writing classes. He finds a couple redeeming qualities for them: they are one place where writing is taken seriously, and they provide another source of income for the working writers who lead them. But, by and large, he feels they contradict with the idea of writing with the door closed, that all-important act of getting the story out unhindered.

King addresses other topics such as agents, whether he does it for the money (no), and provides a more personal account of how writing helped him through recovery after being struck by an automobile. All worth the read, but not essential to what I found most useful from this section.

For me, this section read like a set of instructions on where to account for each fear a writer encounters. I find it easy to get overwhelmed by all the different concerns a writer must address as part of the creation process, and I firmly believe that fear lies at the core of "writer's block". I realize now that each concern has its place and time. The first draft should be carefree, an outpouring of the story itself in an act of discovery. Stop worrying about the details. The mechanics are addressed in the first revision, along with note taking on all the stuff that little voice inside wanted to say during the first draft. Other concerns can be addressed on subsequent drafts, and at least one draft should be dedicated to what other people have to say. Good writing comes from good rewriting. That's not an unfamiliar concept either, but I have to reiterate that the unique thing King provided is excellent demonstration of all these concepts.